Description
The genus name ''Paphiopedilum'' is derived from the Greek ''Paphos'', a city on the island of Cyprus, and ''pedilon'', slipper. Most species in this genus were previously considered part of the genus ''Cypripedium'', but ''Paphiopedilum'' was accepted as the conserved name in 1959.
''Paphiopedilum'' are considered highly collectible by growers due to the curious and unusual form of their flowers. Most naturally occur among humus layers as s on the forest floor, while a few are true epiphytes and some are lithophytes.
Along with ''Phragmipedium'', ''Cypripedium'', ''Mexipedium'', and ''Selenipedium'', the genus is a member of the subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'', commonly referred to as the Lady’s or Venus’ , so named from the unusual shape of the of the flower, which was said to resemble a lady’s slipper. The pouch functions by trapping insects so that they are forced to climb up past the staminode, behind which they collect or deposit .
These sympodial orchids lack pseudobulbs. Instead they grow robust shoots, each with several . These can be short and rounded or long and narrow, and typically have a mottled pattern. When older shoots die, newer ones take over. Each new shoot only blooms once when it is fully grown, producing a raceme between the fleshy, succulent leaves. The roots are thick and fleshy. Potted plants form a tight lump of roots that, when untangled, can be up to l m long.
The Chinese orchid ''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'', discovered in 1979 and described in 1982, amazed growers of orchids by the extraordinary beauty of its golden flowers.
The Paphiopedilums are among the most widely cultivated and hybridized of orchid genera. Thousands of interspecific have been registered with the Royal Horticultural Society in London over the years. These orchids are relatively easy to grow indoors, as long as conditions that mimic their natural habitats are created. Most species thrive in moderate to high humidity , moderate temperatures ranging from 13 to 35 degrees Celsius and low light of 12,000 to 20,000 lux. Modern hybrids are typically easier to grow in artificial conditions than their parent species.
Synonymy
The 3 genera Cordula , Stimegas and Menephora are generally considered synonyms of ''Paphiopedilum''.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Paphiopedilum'' has been divided into several subgenera, and then further into sections and subsections.
;Subgenus ''Parvisepalum''
;Subgenus ''Brachypetalum''
;Subgenus ''Polyantha''
*section ''Mastigopetalum''
*section ''Polyantha''
*section ''Mystropetalum''
*section ''Stictopetalum''
*section ''Paphiopedilum''
*section ''Seratopetalum''
*section ''Cymatopetalum''
*section ''Thiopetalum''
;Subgenus ''Sigmatopetalum''
*section ''Spathopetalum''
**subsection ''Macronidium''
**subsection ''Spathopetalum''
*section ''Blepharopetalum''
*section ''Mastersianum''
*section ''Punctatum''
*section ''Barbata''
**subsection ''Lorapetalum''
**subsection ''Chloroneura''
*section ''Planipetalum''
*section ''Venustum''
;Subgenus ''Cochlopetalum''
Species, subspecies and varieties
*''Paphiopedilum acmodontum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum adductum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum appletonianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum argus'' .
*''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' : Golden Slippers .
**''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' var. ''parviflorum''
**''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' var. ''undulatum''
**''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' f. ''markii''
*''Paphiopedilum barbatum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum barbigerum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum bellatulum'' : Egg-in-a-nest Orchid .
*''Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum'' var. ''bougainvilleanum'' . Hemicr.
**''Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum'' var. ''saskianum'' .. Hemicr.
*''Paphiopedilum bullenianum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum bullenianum'' var. ''bullenianum'' . Hemicr.
**''Paphiopedilum bullenianum'' var. ''celebesense'' . Hemicr.
*''Paphiopedilum callosum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum callosum'' var. ''callosum'' . Hemicr.
**''Paphiopedilum callosum'' var. ''potentianum'' . Hemicr.
**''Paphiopedilum callosum'' var. ''warnerianum'' . Hemicr.
*''Paphiopedilum charlesworthii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum ciliolare'' .
*''Paphiopedilum concolor'' .
*''Paphiopedilum dayanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum delenatii''
**''Paphiopedilum delenatii'' f. ''albinum''
*''Paphiopedilum delicatum''
*''Paphiopedilum densissimum''
*''Paphiopedilum dianthum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum dixlerianum''
*''Paphiopedilum druryi'' .
*''Paphiopedilum emersonii'' .
**''Paphiopedilum emersonii'' f. ''luteum''
*''Paphiopedilum exul'' .
*''Paphiopedilum fairrieanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum fowliei'' .
*''Paphiopedilum gigantifolium'' .
*''Paphiopedilum glanduliferum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum'' var. ''glaucophyllum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum'' var. ''moquetteanum '' .
*''Paphiopedilum godefroyae'' .
*''Paphiopedilum gratrixianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum hangianum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum hangianum'' f. ''album''
*''Paphiopedilum haynaldianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum helenae'' .
*''Paphiopedilum hennisianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum henryanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' var. ''chiwuanum'' (China - YunNan
**''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' var. ''esquirolei'' .
**''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' var. ''hirsutissimum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum hookerae'' .
**''Paphiopedilum hookerae'' var. ''hookerae'' .
**''Paphiopedilum hookerae'' var. ''volonteanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum insigne'' .
*''Paphiopedilum intaniae'' .
*''Paphiopedilum jackii''
*''Paphiopedilum javanicum''
**''Paphiopedilum javanicum]]'' var. ''javanicum'' Hemicr.
**''Paphiopedilum javanicum]]'' var. ''virens'' . Hemicr.
*''Paphiopedilum kolopakingii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum liemianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum lowii'' .
**''Paphiopedilum lowii'' var. ''lowii'' .
**''Paphiopedilum lowii'' var. ''lynniae'' . Hemicr.
**''Paphiopedilum lowii'' var. ''richardianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum malipoense'' : Jade Slipper Orchid .
**''Paphiopedilum malipoense'' var. ''angustatum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum malipoense'' var. ''jackii'' Aver.
**''Paphiopedilum malipoense'' var. ''malipoense'' .
**''Paphiopedilum malipoense'' f. ''concolor'' .
**''Paphiopedilum malipoense'' f. ''tonnianum''
**''Paphiopedilum malipoense'' f. ''virescens''
*''Paphiopedilum mastersianum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum mastersianum'' var. ''mastersianum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum mastersianum'' var. ''mohrianum'' (Lesser Sunda Is. .
*''Paphiopedilum micranthum'' : Hard-leaved Pocket Orchid, Silver Slipper Orchid .
*''Paphiopedilum niveum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum ooii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum papuanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum parishii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' .
**''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' var. ''philippinense'' .
**''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' var. ''roebelenii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum primulinum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum primulinum'' var. ''primulinum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum primulinum'' var. ''purpurascens'' .
*''Paphiopedilum purpuratum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum purpuratum'' var. ''hainanense'' .
**''Paphiopedilum purpuratum'' var. ''purpuratum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum randsii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum rhizomatosum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum rothschildianum'' : King of the Paphs .
*''Paphiopedilum saccopetalum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum sanderianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum sangii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum schoseri'' .
*''Paphiopedilum singchii''
*''Paphiopedilum smaragdinum'' (now a synonym of ''Paphiopedilum tigrinum'' f. ''smaragdinum'' O.Gruss .
*''Paphiopedilum spicerianum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum spicerianum'' f. ''immaculatum''
*''Paphiopedilum stonei'' .
**''Paphiopedilum stonei'' var. ''platyphyllum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum stonei'' var. ''stonei''
*''Paphiopedilum sugiyamanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum supardii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum superbiens'' .
*''Paphiopedilum thaianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum tigrinum'' Koop. & N.Haseg. .
**''Paphiopedilum tigrinum'' f. ''smaragdinum'' O.Gruss .
*''Paphiopedilum tonsum'' .
**''Paphiopediltum tonsum'' f. ''alboviride''
*''Paphiopedilum tranlienianum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum tranlienianum'' f. ''alboviride''
*''Paphiopedilum urbanianum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum urbanianum'' f. ''alboviride''
*''Paphiopedilum usitanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum''
*''Paphiopedilum venustum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae'' .
*''Paphiopedilum victoria-regina'' .
*''Paphiopedilum vietnamense'' .
*''Paphiopedilum villosum'' .
**''Paphiopedilum villosum'' var. ''annamense'' .
**''Paphiopedilum villosum'' var. ''boxallii'' .
**''Paphiopedilum villosum'' var. ''villosum''
*''Paphiopedilum viniferum''
*''Paphiopedilum violascens'' .
*''Paphiopedilum wardii'' : Rainbow Orchid .
**''Paphiopedilum wardii'' var. ''teestaensis'' .
**''Paphiopedilum wardii'' f. ''alboviride''
*''Paphiopedilum wentworthianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum wilhelminae'' .
Natural Hybrids
*''Paphiopedilum × affine'' . .
*''Paphiopedilum × areeanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × burbidgei'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × dalatense'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × dixlerianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × expansum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × fanaticum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × frankeanum'' . 42 SUM.
*''Paphiopedilum × grussianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × herrmannii''
*''Paphiopedilum × kimballianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × littleanum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × mattesii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × pereirae'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × petchleungianum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × powellii'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × pradhanii''
*''Paphiopedilum × shipwayae'' . .
*''Paphiopedilum × siamense'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × spicerovenustum'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × venustoinsigne'' .
*''Paphiopedilum × vietenryanum'' .
No comments:
Post a Comment